The interpretation of the “interest of mankind” principle has led, first, to the adoption of the Moon Agreement and, at the same time, brought to its defeat. At present we see a renovation of interest in the doctrine of the “global commons” within the sustainability policy of men activities on earth and in space, the new challenge is to balance the need to preserve outer space for future generations, the enhancement of scientific research and the freedom to enact space activities compliant with the peaceful purpose principle and all other principles set at the international level.